Properties of solvents
Below is a list of some of the most commonly used solvents. Clicking on each of them will take you to a list with the following properties: melting point, boiling point, dielectric constant, dynamic viscosity, dipole moment,
donor number,
acceptor number,
empirical solvent polarity parameter (ET), and
normalized ETN.
If not denoted differently, data are taken from the book
J. M. G. Barthel, H. Krienke, W. Kunz, Physical Chemistry of Electrolyte Solutions, Modern Aspects, Springer, 1998.
Melting point (1 atm) =
°C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
°C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
Density (25 °C) =
kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
Donor number
(+info)=
kcal·mol-1
Acceptor number
(+info)=
E
T(30)
(+info)=
kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
Melting point (1 atm) =
-94.7 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
56.29 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
20.56
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
0.303 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
0.7844 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
2.69 D
Donor number
(+info)=
17.0 kcal·mol-1
Acceptor number
(+info)=
12.5
E
T(30)
(+info)=
42.2 kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
0.35
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
-48.835 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
81.60 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
35.95
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
0.341 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
0.7768 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
3.44 D
Donor number
(+info)=
14.1 kcal·mol-1
Acceptor number
(+info)=
18.9
E
T(30)
(+info)=
46.0 kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
0.47
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
5.533 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
80.1 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
2.274
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
0.6028 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
0.87360 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
0.00 D
Donor number
(+info)=
0.1 kcal·mol-1
Acceptor number
(+info)=
8.2
E
T(30)
(+info)=
34.5 kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
0.12
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
-88.62 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
117.725 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
17.43
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
2.61 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
0.8058 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
1.75 D
Donor number
(+info)=
(29) kcal·mol-1
Acceptor number
(+info)=
36.8
E
T(30)
(+info)=
50.2 kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
0.60
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
-43.53 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
204 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
39.1
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
1.7315 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
1.1242 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
4.12 D
Donor number
(+info)=
18 kcal·mol-1 (reference)
Acceptor number
(+info)=
(18.6)
E
T(30)
(+info)=
44.3 kcal·mol-1 (reference)
E
TN (+info)=
0.42 (reference)
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
-23.0 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
76.8 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
2.22793
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
0.905 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
1.5844 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
0.00 D
Donor number
(+info)=
(0) kcal·mol-1
Acceptor number
(+info)=
8.6
E
T(30)
(+info)=
32.5 kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
0.06
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
-63.6 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
61.2 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
4.7218
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
0.540 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
1.4799 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
1.15 D
Donor number
(+info)=
(4) kcal·mol-1
Acceptor number
(+info)=
23.1
E
T(30)
(+info)=
39.1 kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
0.26
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
6.544 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
80.725 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
2.017
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
0.898 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
0.77374 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
0.00 D
Donor number
(+info)=
- (not known)
Acceptor number
(+info)=
- (not known)
E
T(30)
(+info)=
30.9 kcal·mol-1 (reference)
E
TN (+info)=
0.006 (reference)
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
-6.5 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
244.8 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
31
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
17.4 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
1.12 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
2.31 D
Donor number
(+info)=
- (not known)
Acceptor number
(+info)=
- (not known)
E
T(30)
(+info)=
53.8 kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
0.71
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
-43.0 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
126.8 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
2.806
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
0.7529 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
0.96928 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
1.07 D (reference)
Donor number
(+info)=
- (not known)
Acceptor number
(+info)=
- (not known)
E
T(30)
(+info)=
36.7 kcal·mol-1 (reference)
E
TN (+info)=
0.18 (reference)
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
18.54 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
189.0 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
47.0
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
1.99 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
1.0955 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
3.9 D
Donor number
(+info)=
29.8 kcal·mol-1
Acceptor number
(+info)=
19.3
E
T(30)
(+info)=
45.0 kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
0.44
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
11.8 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
101.320 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
2.21
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
1.20 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
1.0281 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
0.45 D
Donor number
(+info)=
14.8 kcal·mol-1
Acceptor number
(+info)=
10.8
E
T(30)
(+info)=
36.0 kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
0.16
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
-114.15 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
78.293 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
24.35
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
1.087 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
0.7850 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
1.66 D
Donor number
(+info)=
(32) kcal·mol-1
Acceptor number
(+info)=
37.9
E
T(30)
(+info)=
51.9 kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
0.65
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
-84.0 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
71.1 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
6.02
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
0.426 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
0.8946 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
1.88 D
Donor number
(+info)=
17.2 kcal·mol-1
Acceptor number
(+info)=
- (not known)
E
T(30)
(+info)=
38.1 kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
0.23
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
18.18 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
290.0 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
42.5
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
945 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
1.2582 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
2.67 D
Donor number
(+info)=
(19) kcal·mol-1
Acceptor number
(+info)=
(44.3)
E
T(30)
(+info)=
57.0 kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
0.81
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
-97.68 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
64.515 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
32.63
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
0.543 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
0.7864 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
2.87 D
Donor number
(+info)=
(30.19) kcal·mol-1
Acceptor number
(+info)=
41.5
E
T(30)
(+info)=
55.5 kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
0.77
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
-126.2 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
97.151 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
20.34
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
1.97 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
0.7995 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
3.09 D
Donor number
(+info)=
37.3 kcal·mol-1
Acceptor number
(+info)=
- (not known)
E
T(30)
(+info)=
50.7 kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
0.62
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
-54.53 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
242 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
64.95
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
2.51 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
1.200 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
4.98 D
Donor number
(+info)=
15.1 kcal·mol-1
Acceptor number
(+info)=
18.3
E
T(30)
(+info)=
46.6 kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
0.49
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
-41.55 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
11.256 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
12.4
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
0.884 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
0.97824 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
2.37 D
Donor number
(+info)=
33.1 kcal·mol-1
Acceptor number
(+info)=
14.2
E
T(30)
(+info)=
40.2 kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
0.29
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
-108.5 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
65.965 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
7.4
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
0.46 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
0.8819 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
1.75 D
Donor number
(+info)=
20.0 kcal·mol-1
Acceptor number
(+info)=
8.0
E
T(30)
(+info)=
37.4 kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
0.21
(Click to clear)
Melting point (1 atm) =
-95.0 °C
Boiling point (1 atm) =
110.6 °C
Dielectric constant (25 °C) =
2.379
Dynamic viscosity (25 °C) =
0.552 mPa·s
Density (25 °C) =
0.8623 kg·dm-3
Dipole moment (in the gas phase) =
0.31 D
Donor number
(+info)=
0.1 kcal·mol-1
Acceptor number
(+info)=
- (not known)
E
T(30)
(+info)=
33.9 kcal·mol-1
E
TN (+info)=
0.10
(Click to clear)
Definition of Donor Number (DN):
A donor number (DN) is a quantitative measure of Lewis basicity. Victor Gutmann
[V. Gutmann, Electrochim. Acta, 1976, 21, 661–670, 21] defined DN (also referred to as “donicity”), as a quantitative measure for the tendency to donate electron pairs to acceptors. The DN-scale is determined by the value of the reaction enthalpy between the Lewis acid SbCl
5 and chemical compound dissolved in 1,2-dichloroethane.
(Click to close)
C. S. Kim, S. M. Oh , Electrochim, Acta, 2000, 45, 2101–2109.
C. Reichardt, T. Welton, Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, 4th Edition 2011.
Y. Marcus, Ions in Water and Biophysical Implication, Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht 2012.